Yuav Ua Li Cas Amygdalin Hloov Rau Cyanide?

Amygdalin, ib qho tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv apricot kernels thiab lwm yam noob, tuaj yeem hloov mus ua cyanide thaum metabolized. Thaum amygdalin los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog qee cov enzymes hauv lub plab zom mov, xws li beta-glucosidase, nws tawg thiab tso tawm cyanide.

Cyanide muaj tshuaj lom heev, muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog kev ua pa ntawm tes thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau tuag taus ntau. Nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj tab tom xav txog amygdalin ua ib qho ntxiv. Tiv tauj pebrau cov qauv dawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog kev nyab xeeb siv amygdalin extract.

Tus nqi ntawm amygdalin tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog tus neeg lub cev qhov hnyav thiab cov metabolism. Thaum noj, amygdalin zom rau hauv qabzib, benzaldehyde, thiab cyanide.

Txawm hais tias amygdalin yog ntuj, cov cyanide nws tsim yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tuag taus. Kev noj tsuas yog 0.5 mus rau 3.5 milligrams ntawm cyanide ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev haus txawm tias me me ntawm amygdalin-muaj cov noob zoo li apricot kernels tuaj yeem ua rau cyanide lom yog tias txaus amygdalin metabolized.

Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias noj ib ncig ntawm 50 mus rau 60 apricot kernels, nyob ntawm seb qhov loj me thiab cov ntsiab lus cyanide, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tuag ntawm cyanide. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tswj kev noj haus thiab nkag siab txog cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam.

Apricot kernels yog thawj qhov chaw ntawm amygdalin. Qhov concentration ntawm amygdalin nyob rau hauv ib lub apricot kernel yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj ntau yam thiab keeb kwm, tab sis feem ntau, ib ntsiav muaj li ntawm {{0}}.5 mus rau 3 milligrams ntawm amygdalin. Cov nyiaj no tuaj yeem tso tawm mus txog 0.15 txog 0.18 milligrams ntawm cyanide thaum metabolized.

Muab qhov tseem ceeb heev, noj ib tug puv tes ntawm apricot kernels tau yooj yim tshaj li kev nyab xeeb cyanide. Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum noj cov zaub nyoos tsis muaj kev tswj hwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov sab laj nrog kws kho mob ua ntej txiav txim siab tias lawv yog ib feem ntawm kev noj zaub mov los yog ntxiv cov txheej txheem.

Amygdalin's mechanism ntawm kev ua haujlwm feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog nws txoj kev tawg hauv lub cev. Thaum noj, beta-glucosidase enzyme hauv txoj hnyuv me cuam tshuam nrog amygdalin. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no ua rau amygdalin decompose rau hauv cyanide, benzaldehyde, thiab qabzib. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb yog cyanide, lub zog muaj zog ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas cuam tshuam nrog lub cev muaj peev xwm siv oxygen.

Cyanide thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme cytochrome c oxidase hauv mitochondria, inhibiting cellular respiration. Qhov no ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub cev tseem ceeb xws li lub plawv thiab lub hlwb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog qhov ua rau cyanide txaus ntshai, vim nws ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm sai thiab tuag yog tias noj ntau heev.

Txawm hais tias qee tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm amygdalin hais tias nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav (hu ua laetrile therapy), tsis muaj kev pom zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb los txhawb nws txoj kev ua tau zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws lub peev xwm ua rau muaj tshuaj lom cyanide yog qhov txaus ntshai heev.

Tus nqi ntawm cyanide uas ib qho apricot kernel tuaj yeem tsim tau txawv nyob ntawm lub kernel lub amygdalin concentration. Qhov nruab nrab, ib qho apricot kernel muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm {{0}}.25 txog 0.5 milligrams ntawm cyanide. Cov nyiaj no kuj yog me me, tab sis yog tias siv ntau lub kernels, cov qib cyanide tuaj yeem ua tshuaj lom sai sai.

Piv txwv li, kev haus 5 mus rau 10 apricot kernels tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev lom lom cyanide, nrog rau cov tsos mob xws li xeev siab, mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, thiab tsis meej pem. Cov koob tshuaj ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj dua, xws li ua pa tsis ua haujlwm lossis tuag taus. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev kom mus cuag amygdalin noj nrog ceev faj.

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txo lossis tshem tawm cyanide los ntawm apricot kernels, txawm tias tsis muaj kev lav phib xaub tiav. Qee txoj hauv kev suav nrog:

• Soaking thiab fermenting: Soaking apricot kernels hauv dej los yog fermenting lawv tuaj yeem pab txo cov ntsiab lus amygdalin. Fermentation activates tej enzymes uas pab zom amygdalin ua ntej nws tso cyanide. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no yuav tsis tshem tawm tag nrho cov cyanide.
• Boiling: Thaum tshav kub kub tuaj yeem txo cov qib cyanide. Boiling apricot kernels ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem rhuav tshem amygdalin thiab txo nws lub peev xwm tso tawm cyanide. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm amygdalin yuav nyob twj ywm, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cyanide lom.
• Blanching thiab ziab: Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias blanching lossis ziab apricot kernels tuaj yeem txo lawv cov tshuaj lom, txawm tias txoj kev no tsis yog qhov tsis zoo.

Yog tias koj npaj yuav haus apricot kernels lossis siv cov khoom tau los ntawm lawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog tsuas yog cov uas tau ua tiav thiab tswj tau zoo. Tiv tauj peb rau cov qauv dawb ntawm peb cov khoom zoo, ua tib zoo ua tiav amygdalin extract kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Yog lawm, amygdalin yog me ntsis tshav kub-rhiab, thiab cua sov apricot kernels tuaj yeem txo qhov tso tawm ntawm cyanide. Boiling los yog ci cov kernels ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem degrade amygdalin, uas ua rau cov kernels muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Txawm li cas los xij, ua kom tiav kev puas tsuaj ntawm amygdalin los ntawm tshav kub ib leeg yog qhov tsis zoo, thiab cyanide tseem tuaj yeem tso tawm thaum cov amygdalin seem tawg thaum lub sij hawm zom mov.

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov cua sov hauv kev txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm amygdalin nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, roasting ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 140 degree (284 degree F) yuav txo qis amygdalin, tab sis cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ntev txaus kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm li ntawd los, qee qhov kev pheej hmoo tseem nyob.

Yog tias koj txaus siab rau lwm txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb, xav txog kev xaiv cov txheej txheem amygdalin extracts, uas tau dhau los kuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cyanide. Tiv tauj peb kom kuaj dawb ntawm peb cov tshuaj amygdalin extract uas ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb.

Q: Dab tsi yog cov tsos mob ntawm cyanide lom los ntawm amygdalin?

A: Cov tsos mob ntawm cyanide lom muaj xws li mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, tsis muaj zog, xeev siab, tsis meej pem, thiab ua pa nyuaj. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nws tuaj yeem ua rau qaug dab peg, coma, lossis tuag.

Q: Puas yog nws muaj kev nyab xeeb rau haus apricot kernels?

A: Hauv qhov nruab nrab, cov apricot kernels yuav tau noj, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau kho lossis ua tiav kom txo cov ntsiab lus amygdalin. Kev pheej hmoo ntawm cyanide lom ua rau kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo.

Q: Amygdalin puas tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav?

A: Tsis muaj pov thawj kev tshawb fawb ntseeg tau los txhawb kev siv amygdalin, lossis laetrile, ua kev kho mob qog noj ntshav zoo. Cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev lom tshuaj lom ntawm cyanide deb tshaj qhov txiaj ntsig tau pom zoo.

Q: Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tseeb tias cov tshuaj amygdalin kuv noj muaj kev nyab xeeb?

A: Saib rau cov tshuaj ntxiv los ntawm cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov nyiamKINGSCI, uas ua raws li Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo (GMP) thiab muab cov khoom pov thawj. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov khoom tau raug kuaj rau cov ntsiab lus cyanide.

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog peb cov amygdalin extract lossis kom ntseeg tau cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws,tiv tauj pebrau cov qauv dawb. Peb cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws yog GMP tau ntawv pov thawj, xa tawm sai, thiab nruj me ntsis rau kev nyab xeeb.

• McAdam, E., et al. "Cyanogenic Glycosides thiab Tib Neeg Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas." Toxicon, vol. 69, 2013, p. 7-14, ib.
• Holzman, DC "Laetrile: Kev Ua Ntawm Ib Tug Me Nyuam." Science, vol. 194, Nr. 4268, 1976, pp. 836-839 ib.
• Bradford, DA "Toxicology ntawm Cyanide thiab nws cov khoom tawg hauv kev sib raug zoo rau Amygdalin (Laetrile). JAMA, vol. 244, Nr. XLIV, 1980, p. 2546-2550.